What are cochlear implants?
Cochlear implants have become a popular solution for addressing hearing loss. These devices, similar in appearance to behind-the-ear hearing aids, consist of various components. Externally, the speech processor is worn near the ear and includes a microphone to capture sounds and a computer that converts these sounds into electrical signals. These signals travel through a cable to a magnetically attached transmitting coil on the side of the head.
The transmitting coil sends the signals to an internal receiving coil (receiver/stimulator) situated just beneath the skin. From here, the signal moves through a thin wire, leading to electrodes implanted in the inner ear. This coded signal stimulates the auditory nerve, compensating for the damaged cells that cannot transmit sound information.
Normal hearing with cochlear implants?
While cochlear implants provide access to a wide range of sounds, including speech, they do not restore natural hearing or completely rectify hearing loss. With regular auditory therapy and practice, users of cochlear implants can learn to comprehend spoken language.
Individuals who had the ability to speak before experiencing hearing loss or who previously had some level of hearing often see significant benefits from cochlear implants.
For children born with hearing impairments or who lost their hearing before developing speech, cochlear implants can open up the world of spoken language, thereby enhancing their language development. Early intervention typically results in better outcomes.
Is my child a candidate for cochlear implants?
Children are considered candidates for cochlear implants if they possess severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. Those with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, where sound enters the ear normally but is poorly transmitted to the brain, might also be evaluated for implants.
At what age should my child receive a cochlear implant?
Children can be eligible for cochlear implants starting at the age of 10 to 12 months. Evaluations for this procedure ideally begin when the child is 3 to 4 months old. For congenitally deaf children, undergoing surgery before the age of 3, preferably sooner, is necessary for optimal auditory and language development. If a child with previous hearing abilities loses the capacity to hear and hearing aids no longer suffice, prompt implantation is recommended.
How is cochlear implant surgery performed?
The procedure involves general anesthesia and typically lasts between two to four hours per ear. An incision is made behind the ear to access the implant site.
The surgeon places the receiver/stimulator beneath the skin and inserts the electrode array into the cochlea. The device is then secured in place, and electrical tests are conducted to confirm stimulation. The site is then surgically reconstructed.
Post-surgery, the child may need to stay overnight in the hospital. This depends on their age and health. A head wrap is provided to protect the incision site, and parents receive guidance on post-operative care.
What are the risks of cochlear implant surgery?
Although rare, potential surgical risks include facial nerve damage, altered taste sensation, dizziness, or tinnitus. It is essential to understand that installing the implant often eliminates any residual hearing in the implanted ear. If suitable, a traditional hearing aid can be used in the opposite ear to enhance hearing.
